World - Sunflower-Seed And Safflower Oil - Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights
Get instant access to more than 2 million reports, dashboards, and datasets on the IndexBox Platform.
View PricingSunflower-Seed And Safflower Oil Market
The global sunflower-seed and safflower oil market is on an upward trajectory, with forecasted growth in both volume and value terms. From 2012 to 2022, consumption, production, exports, and imports all saw notable increases. Key exporting countries include Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey, while major importers include India, Turkey, and Spain. Crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil accounts for the majority of exports, with refined oil also showing steady growth. Average export prices have seen moderate increases over the past decade. Overall, the market is projected to continue its growth trend through 2030.
Market Forecast
Driven by increasing demand for sunflower-seed and safflower oil worldwide, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next eight-year period. Market performance is forecast to accelerate, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +4.5% for the period from 2022 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 31M tons by the end of 2030.
In value terms, the market is forecast to increase with an anticipated CAGR of +6.9% for the period from 2022 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market value to $46.6B (in nominal prices) by the end of 2030.
Consumption
World Consumption of Sunflower-Seed And Safflower Oil
In 2022, the amount of sunflower-seed and safflower oil consumed worldwide expanded slightly to 22M tons, surging by 3% compared with the previous year. The total consumption volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.2% over the period from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. Global consumption peaked at 26M tons in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, consumption remained at a lower figure.
The global sunflower-seed and safflower oil market value rose sharply to $27.3B in 2022, surging by 9.4% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers' margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.5% over the period from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. Over the period under review, the global market reached the peak level in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in years to come.
Consumption By Country
The countries with the highest volumes of consumption in 2022 were Russia (3.1M tons), India (2M tons) and Ukraine (1.6M tons), with a combined 30% share of global consumption. Spain, Turkey, Italy, France, China, Germany, Iraq, the United States, South Africa and Argentina lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 38%.
From 2012 to 2022, the biggest increases were recorded for Iraq (with a CAGR of +8.2%), while consumption for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.
In value terms, the largest sunflower-seed and safflower oil markets worldwide were Russia ($2.9B), India ($2.7B) and Italy ($2.4B), with a combined 29% share of the global market.
Among the main consuming countries, Italy, with a CAGR of +10.3%, saw the highest growth rate of market size over the period under review, while market for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.
The countries with the highest levels of sunflower-seed and safflower oil per capita consumption in 2022 were Ukraine (37 kg per person), Spain (32 kg per person) and Italy (22 kg per person).
From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Italy (with a CAGR of +7.5%), while consumption for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.
Production
World Production of Sunflower-Seed And Safflower Oil
In 2022, the amount of sunflower-seed and safflower oil produced worldwide rose to 23M tons, growing by 3.9% on the year before. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.2% from 2012 to 2022; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2017 when the production volume increased by 13% against the previous year. Over the period under review, global production hit record highs at 26M tons in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, production remained at a lower figure.
In value terms, sunflower-seed and safflower oil production contracted to $42.3B in 2022 estimated in export price. Over the period under review, production continues to indicate a pronounced expansion. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2021 with an increase of 36% against the previous year. Global production peaked at $82.5B in 2019; however, from 2020 to 2022, production failed to regain momentum.
Production By Country
The countries with the highest volumes of production in 2022 were Ukraine (5.9M tons), Russia (5.6M tons) and Argentina (1.2M tons), with a combined 56% share of global production. Spain, Bulgaria, Turkey, France, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Germany and Kazakhstan lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 29%.
From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of production, amongst the key producing countries, was attained by Bulgaria (with a CAGR of +11.2%), while production for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.
Imports
World Imports of Sunflower-Seed And Safflower Oil
In 2022, global imports of sunflower-seed and safflower oil rose sharply to 13M tons, picking up by 11% on 2021 figures. In general, total imports indicated a notable expansion from 2012 to 2022: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.6% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, imports decreased by -14.0% against 2020 indices. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2014 when imports increased by 19%. Global imports peaked at 15M tons in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, imports failed to regain momentum.
In value terms, sunflower-seed and safflower oil imports skyrocketed to $21.1B in 2022. Overall, imports saw a strong increase. As a result, imports attained the peak and are likely to continue growth in the immediate term.
Imports By Country
In 2022, India (1.9M tons) and Turkey (1.5M tons) were the major importers of sunflower-seed and safflower oilin the world, together generating 26% of total imports. Spain (730K tons) ranks next in terms of the total imports with a 5.6% share, followed by the Netherlands (5%), Italy (5%) and China (4.6%). Poland (510K tons), Iraq (471K tons), Germany (469K tons), Belgium (406K tons), France (379K tons), Iran (348K tons) and the United States (257K tons) followed a long way behind the leaders.
From 2012 to 2022, the biggest increases were recorded for China (with a CAGR of +18.9%), while purchases for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.
In value terms, India ($3B), Turkey ($2.2B) and Spain ($1.3B) were the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2022, with a combined 31% share of global imports. Italy, the Netherlands, China, Germany, Poland, France, Belgium, the United States, Iraq and Iran lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 34%.
Poland, with a CAGR of +20.9%, recorded the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of imports, in terms of the main importing countries over the period under review, while purchases for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.
Imports By Type
Crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil represented the largest imported product with an import of around 9.6M tons, which accounted for 73% of total imports. It was distantly followed by sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified (3.5M tons), comprising a 27% share of total imports.
Imports of crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil increased at an average annual rate of +4.5% from 2012 to 2022. At the same time, sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified (+4.8%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified emerged as the fastest-growing type imported in the world, with a CAGR of +4.8% from 2012-2022. The shares of the largest types remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.
In value terms, crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil ($14.9B) constitutes the largest type of sunflower-seed and safflower oil imported worldwide, comprising 71% of global imports. The second position in the ranking was held by sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified ($6.2B), with a 29% share of global imports.
For crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil, imports increased at an average annual rate of +6.4% over the period from 2012-2022.
Import Prices By Type
In 2022, the average sunflower-seed and safflower oil import price amounted to $1,611 per ton, rising by 21% against the previous year. Over the period under review, import price indicated slight growth from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of +1.8% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, sunflower-seed and safflower oil import price increased by +96.9% against 2019 indices. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2021 an increase of 51% against the previous year. Over the period under review, average import prices hit record highs in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in the near future.
Average prices varied noticeably amongst the major imported products. In 2022, the product with the highest price was sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified ($1,778 per ton), while the price for crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil stood at $1,550 per ton.
From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil (+1.8%).
Import Prices By Country
The average sunflower-seed and safflower oil import price stood at $1,611 per ton in 2022, increasing by 21% against the previous year. In general, import price indicated mild growth from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of +1.8% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, sunflower-seed and safflower oil import price increased by +96.9% against 2019 indices. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2021 an increase of 51%. Over the period under review, average import prices reached the peak figure in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in the near future.
Prices varied noticeably by country of destination: amid the top importers, the country with the highest price was France ($1,912 per ton), while Iraq ($939 per ton) was amongst the lowest.
From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by France (+3.4%), while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.
Exports
World Exports of Sunflower-Seed And Safflower Oil
In 2022, the amount of sunflower-seed and safflower oil exported worldwide rose rapidly to 14M tons, growing by 12% on the previous year. Over the period under review, total exports indicated a pronounced expansion from 2012 to 2022: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.5% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, exports decreased by -8.7% against 2020 indices. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2014 when exports increased by 20%. The global exports peaked at 15M tons in 2020; however, from 2021 to 2022, the exports failed to regain momentum.
In value terms, sunflower-seed and safflower oil exports soared to $21.3B in 2022. Overall, exports enjoyed a remarkable increase. As a result, the exports attained the peak and are likely to continue growth in the immediate term.
Exports By Country
In 2022, Ukraine (4.3M tons), distantly followed by Russia (2.5M tons), Turkey (1.1M tons), Bulgaria (0.9M tons), Argentina (0.8M tons) and the Netherlands (0.7M tons) were the key exporters of sunflower-seed and safflower oil, together making up 74% of total exports. Hungary (603K tons), France (443K tons), Spain (296K tons), Romania (287K tons) and Moldova (229K tons) followed a long way behind the leaders.
From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of shipments, amongst the leading exporting countries, was attained by Bulgaria (with a CAGR of +21.3%), while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.
In value terms, the largest sunflower-seed and safflower oil supplying countries worldwide were Ukraine ($5.5B), Russia ($3.3B) and Turkey ($1.9B), together accounting for 50% of global exports. Bulgaria, Argentina, the Netherlands, Hungary, France, Spain, Romania and Moldova lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 35%.
Bulgaria, with a CAGR of +26.7%, recorded the highest growth rate of the value of exports, in terms of the main exporting countries over the period under review, while shipments for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.
Exports By Type
Crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil was the key exported product with an export of around 9.9M tons, which amounted to 71% of total exports. It was distantly followed by sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified (4M tons), mixing up a 29% share of total exports.
From 2012 to 2022, average annual rates of growth with regard to crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil exports of stood at +4.3%. At the same time, sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified (+5.2%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified emerged as the fastest-growing type exported in the world, with a CAGR of +5.2% from 2012-2022. From 2012 to 2022, the share of sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified increased by +1.8 percentage points.
In value terms, crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil ($14.2B) remains the largest type of sunflower-seed and safflower oil supplied worldwide, comprising 67% of global exports. The second position in the ranking was taken by sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified ($7.1B), with a 33% share of global exports.
For crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil, exports expanded at an average annual rate of +6.3% over the period from 2012-2022.
Export Prices By Type
The average sunflower-seed and safflower oil export price stood at $1,526 per ton in 2022, rising by 17% against the previous year. Over the period under review, export price indicated moderate growth from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of +2.0% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, sunflower-seed and safflower oil export price increased by +93.3% against 2019 indices. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2021 an increase of 52%. The global export price peaked in 2022 and is expected to retain growth in the immediate term.
Average prices varied noticeably amongst the major exported products. In 2022, the product with the highest price was sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified ($1,771 per ton), while the average price for exports of crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil amounted to $1,428 per ton.
From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil (+2.0%).
Export Prices By Country
The average sunflower-seed and safflower oil export price stood at $1,526 per ton in 2022, growing by 17% against the previous year. In general, export price indicated a perceptible increase from 2012 to 2022: its price increased at an average annual rate of +2.0% over the last decade. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2022 figures, sunflower-seed and safflower oil export price increased by +93.3% against 2019 indices. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2021 when the average export price increased by 52%. The global export price peaked in 2022 and is likely to continue growth in the immediate term.
There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2022, amid the top suppliers, the country with the highest price was Spain ($2,258 per ton), while Ukraine ($1,274 per ton) was amongst the lowest.
From 2012 to 2022, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Bulgaria (+4.4%), while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global market for sunflower-seed and safflower oil. Within it, you will discover the latest data on market trends and opportunities by country, consumption, production and price developments, as well as the global trade (imports and exports). The forecast exhibits the market prospects through 2030.
Product coverage:
- FCL 268 - Oil of Sunflower Seed
- FCL 281 - Oil of Safflower Seed
Country coverage:
Worldwide - the report contains statistical data for 200 countries and includes detailed profiles of the 50 largest consuming countries:
- USA
- China
- Japan
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- France
- Brazil
- Italy
- Russian Federation
- India
- Canada
- Australia
- Republic of Korea
- Spain
- Mexico
- Indonesia
- Netherlands
- Turkey
- Saudi Arabia
- Switzerland
- Sweden
- Nigeria
- Poland
- Belgium
- Argentina
- Norway
- Austria
- Thailand
- United Arab Emirates
- Colombia
- Denmark
- South Africa
- Malaysia
- Israel
- Singapore
- Egypt
- Philippines
- Finland
- Chile
- Ireland
- Pakistan
- Greece
- Portugal
- Kazakhstan
- Algeria
- Czech Republic
- Qatar
- Peru
- Romania
- Vietnam
+ the largest producing countries
Data coverage:
- Global market volume and value
- Per Capita consumption
- Forecast of the market dynamics in the medium term
- Global production, split by region and country
- Global trade (exports and imports)
- Export and import prices
- Market trends, drivers and restraints
- Key market players and their profiles
Reasons to buy this report:
- Take advantage of the latest data
- Find deeper insights into current market developments
- Discover vital success factors affecting the market
This report is designed for manufacturers, distributors, importers, and wholesalers, as well as for investors, consultants and advisors.
In this report, you can find information that helps you to make informed decisions on the following issues:
- How to diversify your business and benefit from new market opportunities
- How to load your idle production capacity
- How to boost your sales on overseas markets
- How to increase your profit margins
- How to make your supply chain more sustainable
- How to reduce your production and supply chain costs
- How to outsource production to other countries
- How to prepare your business for global expansion
While doing this research, we combine the accumulated expertise of our analysts and the capabilities of artificial intelligence. The AI-based platform, developed by our data scientists, constitutes the key working tool for business analysts, empowering them to discover deep insights and ideas from the marketing data.
-
1. INTRODUCTION
Making Data-Driven Decisions to Grow Your Business
- REPORT DESCRIPTION
- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND AI PLATFORM
- DATA-DRIVEN DECISIONS FOR YOUR BUSINESS
- GLOSSARY AND SPECIFIC TERMS
-
2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A Quick Overview of Market Performance
- KEY FINDINGS
- MARKET TRENDS This Chapter is Available Only for the Professional Edition PRO
-
3. MARKET OVERVIEW
Understanding the Current State of The Market and Its Prospects
- MARKET SIZE
- CONSUMPTION BY COUNTRY
- MARKET FORECAST TO 2030
-
4. MOST PROMISING PRODUCT
Finding New Products to Diversify Your Business
This Chapter is Available Only for the Professional Edition PRO- TOP PRODUCTS TO DIVERSIFY YOUR BUSINESS
- BEST-SELLING PRODUCTS
- MOST CONSUMED PRODUCT
- MOST TRADED PRODUCT
- MOST PROFITABLE PRODUCT FOR EXPORT
-
5. MOST PROMISING SUPPLYING COUNTRIES
Choosing the Best Countries to Establish Your Sustainable Supply Chain
This Chapter is Available Only for the Professional Edition PRO- TOP COUNTRIES TO SOURCE YOUR PRODUCT
- TOP PRODUCING COUNTRIES
- TOP EXPORTING COUNTRIES
- LOW-COST EXPORTING COUNTRIES
-
6. MOST PROMISING OVERSEAS MARKETS
Choosing the Best Countries to Boost Your Exports
This Chapter is Available Only for the Professional Edition PRO- TOP OVERSEAS MARKETS FOR EXPORTING YOUR PRODUCT
- TOP CONSUMING MARKETS
- UNSATURATED MARKETS
- TOP IMPORTING MARKETS
- MOST PROFITABLE MARKETS
7. GLOBAL PRODUCTION
The Latest Trends and Insights into The Industry
- PRODUCTION VOLUME AND VALUE
- PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY
8. GLOBAL IMPORTS
The Largest Importers on The Market and How They Succeed
- IMPORTS FROM 2012–2023
- IMPORTS BY COUNTRY
- IMPORT PRICES BY COUNTRY
9. GLOBAL EXPORTS
The Largest Exporters on The Market and How They Succeed
- EXPORTS FROM 2012–2023
- EXPORTS BY COUNTRY
- EXPORT PRICES BY COUNTRY
-
10. PROFILES OF MAJOR PRODUCERS
The Largest Producers on The Market and Their Profiles
This Chapter is Available Only for the Professional Edition PRO -
11. COUNTRY PROFILES
The Largest Markets And Their Profiles
This Chapter is Available Only for the Professional Edition PRO- United States
- China
- Japan
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- France
- Brazil
- Italy
- Russian Federation
- India
- Canada
- Australia
- Republic of Korea
- Spain
- Mexico
- Indonesia
- Netherlands
- Turkey
- Saudi Arabia
- Switzerland
- Sweden
- Nigeria
- Poland
- Belgium
- Argentina
- Norway
- Austria
- Thailand
- United Arab Emirates
- Colombia
- Denmark
- South Africa
- Malaysia
- Israel
- Singapore
- Egypt
- Philippines
- Finland
- Chile
- Ireland
- Pakistan
- Greece
- Portugal
- Kazakhstan
- Algeria
- Czech Republic
- Qatar
- Peru
- Romania
- Vietnam
-
LIST OF TABLES
- Key Findings In 2023
- Market Volume, In Physical Terms, 2012–2023
- Market Value, 2012–2023
- Per Capita Consumption, By Country, 2018–2023
- Production, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2012–2023
- Imports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2012–2023
- Imports, In Value Terms, By Country, 2012–2023
- Import Prices, By Country Of Destination, 2012–2023
- Exports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2012–2023
- Exports, In Value Terms, By Country, 2012–2023
- Export Prices, By Country Of Origin, 2012–2023
-
LIST OF FIGURES
- Market Volume, In Physical Terms, 2012–2023
- Market Value, 2012–2023
- Consumption, By Country, 2023
- Market Volume Forecast to 2030
- Market Value Forecast to 2030
- Products: Market Size And Growth, By Type
- Products: Average Per Capita Consumption, By Type
- Products: Exports And Growth, By Type
- Products: Export Prices And Growth, By Type
- Production Volume And Growth
- Exports And Growth
- Export Prices And Growth
- Market Size And Growth
- Per Capita Consumption
- Imports And Growth
- Import Prices
- Production, In Physical Terms, 2012–2023
- Production, In Value Terms, 2012–2023
- Production, By Country, 2023
- Production, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2012–2023
- Imports, In Physical Terms, 2012–2023
- Imports, In Value Terms, 2012–2023
- Imports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2023
- Imports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2012–2023
- Imports, In Value Terms, By Country, 2012–2023
- Import Prices, By Country, 2012–2023
- Exports, In Physical Terms, 2012–2023
- Exports, In Value Terms, 2012–2023
- Exports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2023
- Exports, In Physical Terms, By Country, 2012–2023
- Exports, In Value Terms, By Country, 2012–2023
- Export Prices, 2012–2023
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global market for sunflower-seed and safflower oil.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global cotton-seed oil market.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global cotton-seed oil market.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global market for crude sunflower-seed and safflower oil.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global market for sunflower-seed or safflower oil, refined, but not chemically modified.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global refined cotton-seed oil market.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global transmission shaft market.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global market for caustic soda in aqueous solution (soda lye).
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global market for reaction initiators and accelerators.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global market for marble and travertine blocks.
Over the past year, the prices for sunflower oil have doubled, against robust demand and depleting sunflower seed stocks. The dry weather conditions negatively affected the sunflower crop yield in 2020, but the market is now seeing a sturdy recovery. The production of sunflower oil is forecast to increase in 2021 driven by strong demand that promotes investments in the expansion of harvested areas.
Global sunflower-seed and safflower oil consumption amounted to X thousand tons in 2015, remaining constant against the previous year level.
In 2015, the countries with the highest levels of sunflower-seed and safflower oil production were Ukraine (X thousand tons), Russia (X thousand tons), Turkey (X thousand tons), together accounting for X% of total output.
Ukraine dominates in the global trade of sunflower-seed and safflower oil. In 2014, Ukraine exported X thousand tons of sunflower-seed and safflower oil totaling X USD, X% over the previous year. Its primary trading partner was India, where i
The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.0% over the period from 2007 to 2018.
In 2015, the countries with the highest levels of cotton-seed oil production were China (X thousand tons), India (X thousand tons), Pakistan (X thousand tons), together accounting for X% of total output.
In value terms, transmission shafts and cranks imports amounted to $X in 2016. The total import value increased at an average annual rate of +X% over the period from 2007 to 2016; the trend patter...
In value terms, transmission shafts and cranks exports totaled $X in 2016. The total export value increased at an average annual rate of +X% from 2007 to 2016; the trend pattern indicated some not...
In 2016, approx. X tons of transmission shaft were imported worldwide- dropping by -X% against the previous year level. Overall, transmission shaft imports continue to indicate a relatively fla...
In 2016, approx. X tons of transmission shaft were imported worldwide- dropping by -X% against the previous year level. Overall, transmission shaft imports continue to indicate a relatively fla...